TIPS ON SPEAKING
Successful oral communication involves developing:
1. the ability to articulate phonological features of the language comprehensively;
2. mastery of stress, rhythm, intonation patterns;
3. an acceptable degree of fluency;
4. transactional and interpersonal skills;
5. skills in taking short and long speaking turns;
6. skills in the management of interaction;
7. skills in negotiating meaning;
8. conversational listening skills(successful conversations require good listeners as well as good speakers);
9. skills in knowing about and negotiating purposes for conversations;
10. using appropriate conversational formulae and fillers.
From Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom by David Nunan, P32.
