2005-2006年度高考复习教案 Unit10 Book1A
Unit 10 The world around us
Teaching Aims and Demands:
1． Key words:valuable, reduce, respond, amount, harmful
2． Important phrases: in danger, die out, as a result of, lead to, take measures, adpapt to, devote… to, throw away, make a difference, at present
3． Classic Patterns: without短语相当于条件状语从句 / It won’t be …. Before…./ It will be … before….
4． Differences between words and phrases:
1) Common /usual / ordinary / normal
2)no longer/ not… any longer/ no more / not … any more
5. Grammar: direct and indirect speech
6. Communicative phrases:
Reasons and results
Teaching Steps:
Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions.
Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text.
Step 3. language points.
1. valuable adj, 。 value 同义词：expensive, priceless(无价的) 反义词：valueless( 不值钱的)
cf. agreeable(使人愉快的),lovable(可爱的), suitable(适当的)
2。Reduce vt/vi vt为减少；缩减 reduce air pollution vi为lose weight I’m trying to reduce.
同义词：decrease 反义词：increase
3.respond ( to ) vi 回答, 对。。。。。。做出反应； n. response respond to a question 答复问题
He responded to my suggestion with a smile.他对我的建议报以微笑。
She responded quickly to the medicine.他吃完药后病情很快有所好转。
解题警示
respond为不及物动词,常接介词to,表示“对……回应”。
表示‘‘以……(方式)回答；响应”,要用介词with和by•
make no response不回答。
4．amount n．& vi
(1)n．数量,数额；总数,总额
(2)vi (与介词to连用)总计；等于
the amount of+n．[u]……的量
a large amount of [u]大量的
large amounts of
the number of+n (pl．)……的数目
a large number of +n (pl．)大量的
numbers of +n(pl.)
What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少?
Large amounts of money was wasted．大量的金钱被浪费掉了。
Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars．他们的旅行花费总共是700美元。
解题警示
large amounts of或a large amount of常与不可数名词连用。
5．harmful adj有害的。harmful是harm的形容词。be harmful to sb．／sth．表示“对……有害”。
Smoking is harmful to health．吸烟对健康有害。
Freezing winter is harmful to orange trees．冰冷的冬天对橘子树是有害的。
解题警示:
同义词：hurtful adj有害的
反义词：beneficial,harmless adj有益的；无害的
二、重点短语
6． in danger在危险中；垂危
danger n．危险
dangerous血彤危险的
in danger(of．．．)处于危险之中；out of danger脱离危险
The man suddenly realized that he was in danger．
这个男子突然意识到自己处于危险之中。
His life was in danger．他生命垂危。
解题警示:
in danger和dangerous
in danger指某人(物)处于危险状态下；dangerous指某人(物／事)是“危险的”,即可能给他人(物)造成或带来危险
7. die out绝种,灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失
die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死
die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱,渐息,平息
die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱,渐息；(声音)静下来
die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等
die from指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等前死
Scientists said that those plants died out a century ago．
科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。
Many old customs are dying out．许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
解题警示: ,
die的现在分词形式为dying．die out不用于被动语态。
8 . as a(the)result of…由于……的原因
as a result结果,因此
result(vi) from因……而引起
result(vi) in(=cause)导致；致使
He ate some bad fish．As a result,he fell i11．他吃了一些变质的鱼,结果生病了。
His failure resulted from his carelessness．他的失败是粗心造成的。
解题警示:
as a result后接结果,as a (the) result of接原因。
9．1ead to／lead…to
1ead to sth．导致；造成(=cause)
lead to doing sth．导致做……
lead sb．to+名词引某人到……
Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness．
工作时间太长而休息不好容易生病。
What led you to the conclusion?是什么使你得出这个结论的?
解题警示:
lead to中的to为介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语。
10．take measures采取措施
【拓展】measure有以下常见用法：
measure n．& v．
(1)[c]计量单位,措施；[u]尺寸 ‘
(2)执测量,计量；有……的尺寸；斟酌,权衡,仔细考虑
与measure构成的短语：
make clothes to one's own measure量体裁衣
take measures(to do sth．)采取措施(做……)
take measures against sth．采取措施反对／制止……
解题警示:
measure作“措施,手段”讲时常用复数形式。
【考题】(2004年天津完形)I realized strength and courage aren't always______in medals and victories,but in the struggles we overcome．
A．measured B．praised C. tested D．increased
A从下文判断此处为作者认识到参赛的真正意义和评价选手的标准,“力量和勇气不是通过金牌和胜利来衡量的”。
11.adapt to(使)适应；(使)适合
adapt to sth．／sb．适应某物／某人
adapt sth．／sb．to sth．／sb．使某物／某人适应某物／某人
adapt oneself to…使自己适应某事
adapt from…根据……改写／改编
【考题】(2004年朝阳区统考)The foreigners from Canada adapted themselves_______the hot weather．
A．to B．into C．on D．about
A adapt…to．．．“使……适应…”•”,固定结构。
When he moved to Canada。the children adapted to the change very well
他移居加拿大后孩子们能很好地适应变化。 ’
This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original•
这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
解题警示:
adapt与adopt(采纳)很容易混淆。
12．devote vt(与to连用)献身；专心于
oneself
time
devote one's life to (prep) sth 把……用在；把……献给
money doing sth．把……用在；把……献给
energy
sb．be devoted to专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢
He is devoted to the study of the language．他专心致志地学习语言。
解题警示：
look forward to．be／get used to,stick to,get down to(开始着手做某事),。bject to(反对)以上短语中的to都是介词,后面只能接n．／doing•
【考题】(2004年济南模拟)It is sleeping late in the morning that_______ being late for work．
A．devotes to B．sticks to C．refers to D．1eads to
Key:D devote oneself to(=be devoted to)献身于,；stick to坚持；referto提及；参考；它们都不合句意。lead to中的to为介词,该句为强调句型,即Sleeping late in the morning leads to being late for work的强调形式。
【考题】(2001年上海)Her son,to whom she was so________ went abroad ten years ago．
A．1oved B．cared C．devoted D．affected
C 本题考查动词搭配及介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法。be devoted to…意为“专心致志于,献身于,热爱”,其中to是介词。判定C选项的关键是前面to whom中的“to”。句意为：她儿子十年前出国了,她非常爱她的儿子。
13．throw at向……扔去
throw up吐出(食物),呕吐
throw away扔掉,抛弃；错过；不利用；浪费掉,白费
Every day．people throw away a l。t。f waste things．每天人们都会扔掉很多垃圾。
解题警示：
许多考生把“呕吐’’错译成"throw out(扔掉；拒绝接收)”。
14．at present=now／at the present time
for the present暂时；眼前
up to／until the present直到现在
三、经典句型
15．without短语without air,water and sunlight相当于：If there were no air,water and sunlight这个虚拟条件从句。
当虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时,从句的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”,主句的谓语动词用“would／could／should+动词原形”构成。 ．．
we human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us。
如果我们周围没有植物和动物,人类就不能生存。
This kind of animal can live many days without food or water•
这种动物没有食物和水也能生存许多天。
We can't live without food and water．我们离开了食物和水不能生存。
解题警示：
在肯定句中,当介词without后有两个以上宾语时,宾语间的连词用or；在否定句中,则用and．
16. It won't be…before．．．用不了(多长时间)就会……
It will be…before…得过(多长时间)才……
It wasn't…before…没过(多长时间)就……
It was．．．before…过了(多长时间)才……
It won't be long before we meet again．要不了多久我们会再见面的。
It will be three months before I see him one more time．
得过三个月,我才能再看见他一次。
The house had fallen down before he had time to rush in to save the boy
没等他有时间冲进房子救那个孩子,房子就倒了。
解题警示:
从属连词before最基本的意思是“在……之前”。但在具体的句子中,译法多种多样,可译为“……才……”；“……就……”；“还没有……就……”；“没等……就……”。before引导的状语从句中不能使用表示将来的will。
四、词馁辨析
17．common／usual／ordinary／normal
这四个词(特别是前三个)有时有通用的情况,但各自还是有各自的侧重点：
common意为“普遍的、常见的、共有的”,具有时常发生、出现频率高、范围广的含义； ’
usual意为“通常的、一贯的、平常的”,指在某一地方、某一时间或某人身上平时常见的；
ordinary意为“普遍的,平凡的”,主要指人平凡或事物合乎常规,并不特殊,没有什么突出特点；
normal意为“正常的,常规的”,指在正常范围之内。
解题警示
common强调“普遍性”和“范围”,usual强调“常规性”,表达“时间”方面的概念。
18．no longer／not．．．any longer／no more／not…any more
no longer=not…any longer不再(现在与以前不同)
no more=not…any more二者都有“不再”的含义
解题警示:
在表示“(时间上、动作或状态持续上)不再”时,常用no longer,较少使用no more
在表示“(数量上、动作反复上)不再”时,常用no more．
五、语法要点
19．直接引语和间接引语(复习)(略)(见第1讲和第2讲)
六、交际用语
20．原因和结果(Causes and effects)：
Why…? Because／As／Since…．
Because of．．．,I…． If…,then…．
As a result of．… It follows that…．
It will use…． It will lead to…． ’
一Why didn't you call me last night?你昨天晚上为什么没给我打电话?
一Because 1 went out．因为我出去了。
If we don't stop killing the bird．then it will die out soon．
假如我们不停止猎杀这种鸟,那么不久它就会绝种。
